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The 140 pages that link to Napoleonic Wars, each with the reason it gives.

• Napoleon BonaparteNarrower topic: These wars spread French power and transformed borders, armies, and governments.

• Seven Years' WarCompared with: They were another continent-spanning war, but arose in a different political and military age.

• Peninsular WarNarrower topic: The Peninsular War was one major theater of this broader conflict.

• French Revolutionary WarsRelated: The renewed war after Amiens carried forward conflicts and rivalries formed in the revolutionary period.

• Austrian EmpireRelated: Napoleon's victories dismantled the old imperial order and forced Habsburg political changes.

• ConscriptionRelated: Napoleon expanded conscription into a powerful means of sustaining large armies.

• Leo TolstoyRelated: The 1812 French invasion of Russia provides the historical setting for War and Peace.

• Romantic nationalismRelated: French occupation and resistance helped turn cultural identity into a language of political independence.

• CanningRelated: The French government’s prize for preserving food helped prompt Appert’s work.

• Balance of powerBroader topic: Repeated coalitions formed as French power threatened to dominate continental Europe.

• Napoleonic CodeRelated: French rule spread the code into territories conquered or governed during these wars.

• Battle of WaterlooNarrower topic: Waterloo brought the wars' final campaign to an end.

• German nationalismRelated: French occupation and reorganization of German territories helped spur demands for national unity.

• TriageRelated: The wars provided the battlefield setting in which Larrey organized early systematic triage.

• ArtilleryRelated: Massed, mobile guns became central to Napoleonic battlefield operations.

• Continental SystemNarrower topic: The blockade was one instrument in this wider struggle between France and Britain.

• Decembrist revoltNarrower topic: Russian officers encountered European political ideas during campaigns against Napoleon.

• Treaty of TilsitNarrower topic: The treaty altered alliances within the wider conflict but did not end the wars.

• Battle of TrafalgarNarrower topic: Trafalgar belongs to the wider struggle that shaped its strategic stakes.

• Concert of EuropeNarrower topic: Their destruction and French dominance prompted the powers to seek a durable settlement.

• Total warRelated: Mass conscription and national mobilization helped foreshadow later total wars.

• Confederation of the RhineNarrower topic: The Confederation emerged from Napoleon’s wars and endured only while French power prevailed.

• Military historyBroader topic: These wars offer a major case of mass armies, operational maneuver, and state mobilization.

• Carl von ClausewitzRelated: These wars supplied the decisive military experiences behind Clausewitz’s theorizing.

• Treaty of Campo FormioNarrower topic: The treaty anticipated the territorial upheavals that continued through these later wars.

• Treaty of Paris (1814)Narrower topic: The treaty ended one coalition war within this wider conflict.

• Battle of LeipzigNarrower topic: Leipzig was a turning point in the wars’ final phase.

• Congress PolandNarrower topic: Napoleon’s defeat made the Vienna settlement and Congress Poland possible.

• Corn LawsRelated: Wartime disruption and high grain prices shaped the political case for protection after 1815.

• Nicholas I of RussiaRelated: Nicholas came of age in a dynasty shaped by Russia’s wars against Napoleon.

• Prussian military reformsNarrower topic: The wars created the military crisis that prompted reform and tested its results.

• Treaty of KielNarrower topic: Their final campaigns determined Denmark’s defeat and Norway’s fate.

• WarBroader topic: Mass mobilization and changing alliances marked a transformation in the scale of warfare.

• Francis II, Holy Roman EmperorNarrower topic: Francis’s imperial decisions unfolded within these wars against French expansion.

• German QuestionRelated: Napoleonic rule redrew German territories and accelerated arguments for political unity.

• William Pitt the YoungerNarrower topic: Pitt’s final ministry returned Britain to war with France, which continued beyond his death.

• InfantryRelated: Mass conscription and large infantry formations defined much of the era’s warfare.

• Levée en masseRelated: The mass-army system established during the Revolution shaped warfare under Napoleon.

• Field artilleryRelated: The wars demonstrated the operational value of massed, mobile artillery.

• Joseph BonaparteNarrower topic: Both of Joseph’s reigns unfolded amid wars that constrained French control and his authority.

• LudditeRelated: Wartime hardship and economic disruption intensified the pressures surrounding the Luddite protests.

• Treaty of AmiensNarrower topic: The treaty’s collapse led directly into renewed war within this larger series.

• Battle of BorodinoNarrower topic: Borodino became one of the defining battles of Napoleon’s campaigns.

• Grande ArméeNarrower topic: The Grande Armée was the central French force across these wars.

• Treaty of LunévilleNarrower topic: Lunéville temporarily settled one front before conflict resumed across Europe.

• United Kingdom of the NetherlandsNarrower topic: Their end made a new political arrangement for the Low Countries possible.

• Conventional warfareBroader topic: Mass armies and operational maneuver made these wars a model of conventional campaigning.

• Luddite movementRelated: Wartime trade disruption and high food prices intensified hardship during the Luddite years.

• War of the Third CoalitionNarrower topic: The 1805 conflict was one campaign in this wider sequence.

• Battle of the NileNarrower topic: The Nile victory formed part of the wider struggle over French expansion and maritime power.