Linked from

The 160 pages that link to Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, each with the reason it gives.

• Eric KandelRelated: Kandel shared the 2000 prize for discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system.

• Hans SpemannRelated: Spemann received the 1935 award for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development.

• James BlackRelated: Black received the 1988 prize with Gertrude Elion and John Vane.

• John EcclesRelated: The 1963 award recognized Eccles’s discoveries about synaptic transmission.

• Rita Levi-MontalciniRelated: Levi-Montalcini and Stanley Cohen received it in 1986 for discoveries of growth factors.

• Selman WaksmanRelated: Waksman received the 1952 prize for discovering streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis.

• Shinya YamanakaRelated: Yamanaka shared the 2012 award with John B. Gurdon for discoveries about cellular reprogramming.

• Carol W. GreiderRelated: Greider, Blackburn, and Szostak received the 2009 award for discoveries about telomeres.

• César MilsteinRelated: Milstein, Köhler, and Jerne received the 1984 prize for theories and discoveries concerning immune specificity.

• Françoise Barré-SinoussiRelated: The 2008 award recognized her contribution to the discovery of HIV.

• Frederick BantingNarrower topic: The 1923 award recognized Banting and Macleod, while Best and Collip received no share.

• George BeadleNarrower topic: Beadle received its 1958 prize alongside Tatum and Lederberg.

• George Emil PaladeRelated: Palade shared the 1974 award with Albert Claude and Christian de Duve.

• Gerty CoriRelated: Gerty Cori became the first woman to receive this prize.

• Julius AxelrodRelated: Axelrod received the 1970 prize with Ulf von Euler and Bernardo Houssay.

• Karolinska InstituteRelated: The institute’s Nobel Assembly selects the prize’s laureates.

• Katalin KarikóRelated: Karikó and Weissman received the 2023 prize for discoveries enabling effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.

• Martin EvansNarrower topic: The 2007 award placed Evans's work within the history of biomedical research.

• Paul NurseBroader topic: Nurse shared the 2001 prize with Leland Hartwell and Tim Hunt.

• August KroghNarrower topic: Krogh received the 1920 prize for his work on capillary regulation.

• Edward Calvin KendallNarrower topic: Kendall shared the 1950 prize for discoveries concerning adrenal cortex hormones.

• Godfrey HounsfieldRelated: Hounsfield and Cormack shared the 1979 award for developing computer-assisted tomography.

• Hans KrebsRelated: Krebs received the 1953 prize for his discovery of the citric acid cycle.

• Harald zur HausenRelated: Zur Hausen received the 2008 prize for discovering that human papillomaviruses cause cervical cancer.

• Jules BordetRelated: Bordet received the 1919 prize for discoveries relating to immunity.

• Leland H. HartwellRelated: Hartwell received the 2001 prize with Paul Nurse and Tim Hunt.

• Leopold RužičkaCompared with: His hormone research was chemistry; later steroid-hormone advances were recognized in this separate category.

• Nikolaas TinbergenRelated: Tinbergen shared the 1973 prize for discoveries concerning the organization and elicitation of behavior patterns.

• Peter MedawarRelated: Medawar and Burnet received the 1960 prize for discoveries concerning acquired immunological tolerance.

• Raymond DamadianRelated: The 2003 MRI-related Nobel award went to Paul Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield, not Damadian.

• Richard AxelNarrower topic: The 2004 prize recognized Axel and Buck’s discoveries about odorant receptors and olfactory organization.

• Robert W. HolleyNarrower topic: Holley’s 1968 award recognized the significance of deciphering transfer RNA’s structure and function.

• Roger GuilleminNarrower topic: Guillemin’s 1977 award places his work within the prize’s history of biomedical discoveries.

• Satoshi ŌmuraRelated: Ōmura shared its 2015 award for discoveries concerning therapies against roundworm parasites.

• Stanley B. PrusinerNarrower topic: The 1997 prize recognized Prusiner’s discovery of prions.

• Tu YouyouRelated: Tu received the 2015 prize for discoveries concerning therapies against malaria.

• Willem EinthovenRelated: The 1924 prize recognized Einthoven’s discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram.

• William C. CampbellRelated: Campbell and Ōmura shared the 2015 prize for therapies against roundworm infections.

• Yoshinori OhsumiRelated: Ohsumi received the 2016 prize for discoveries about autophagy.

• Albert ClaudeRelated: Claude shared the 1974 prize for discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell.

• Albrecht KosselRelated: Kossel received the 1910 prize for contributions to knowledge of cell chemistry.

• Alfred HersheyBroader topic: Hershey shared the 1969 prize with Max Delbrück and Salvador Luria for discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and genetic structure of viruses.

• Barry MarshallRelated: Marshall and Warren received the 2005 prize for discovering H. pylori’s role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.

• Baruj BenacerrafNarrower topic: The 1980 award recognized Benacerraf, Dausset, and Snell for discoveries about immune-genetic structures.

• Carl Ferdinand CoriRelated: Cori shared the 1947 prize for discoveries about glycogen metabolism.

• Charles Louis Alphonse LaveranNarrower topic: Laveran received the 1907 prize for discovering disease-causing protozoan parasites.

• Christiane Nüsslein-VolhardBroader topic: The 1995 award recognized her discoveries, alongside those of Lewis and Wieschaus.

• Edgar AdrianNarrower topic: The 1932 award honored Adrian and Sherrington for discoveries about the functions of neurons.

• François JacobRelated: The 1965 award recognized Jacob, Monod, and Lwoff for discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis.

• Gerhard DomagkRelated: Domagk received the 1939 prize for discovering the antibacterial effects of Prontosil.