Linked from

The 162 pages that link to Treaty of Versailles, each with the reason it gives.

• World War IIRelated: Its terms became a focus of German grievances exploited by Nazi politics.

• Nazi GermanyRelated: Nazi propaganda exploited resentment over the treaty to attract support.

• Adolf HitlerRelated: Hitler exploited German resentment of the treaty in his nationalist politics.

• Weimar RepublicRelated: Its territorial, military, and financial terms became a persistent source of resentment in German politics.

• German EmpireRelated: Its territorial, military, and financial terms defined Germany’s postwar settlement.

• League of NationsRelated: The League’s Covenant formed part of the treaty’s opening articles.

• May Fourth MovementRelated: Its transfer of German rights in Shandong to Japan triggered the Beijing protests.

• John Maynard KeynesRelated: Its reparations provisions prompted Keynes’s influential resignation and critique.

• FascismRelated: Resentment over the settlement fueled nationalist politics in postwar Germany and Italy.

• Woodrow WilsonRelated: Wilson helped negotiate the treaty, whose terms embodied and departed from his peace proposals.

• Berlin ConferenceRelated: Its mandate system redistributed Germany's African colonies after the colonial order established in the conference's era.

• Treaty of SèvresRelated: It was the best-known settlement from the same Paris peace process.

• Second Polish RepublicRelated: It confirmed Poland’s access to the Baltic and settled parts of its western frontier.

• Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-LayeRelated: Its military and reparations provisions formed a prominent counterpart to Austria’s settlement.

• Nazi PartyRelated: Nazi propaganda exploited opposition to the treaty and its association with national humiliation.

• International Labour OrganizationRelated: Its Part XIII established the ILO as part of the postwar settlement.

• Palace of VersaillesRelated: Its signing in the Hall of Mirrors linked the palace to the postwar settlement.

• Treaty of ShimonosekiRelated: Its transfer of Germany’s former rights in Shandong to Japan echoed the treaty’s earlier concessions in China.

• David Lloyd GeorgeRelated: Lloyd George helped negotiate the treaty while resisting some of the harsher demands made by France.

• RhineRelated: Its provisions internationalized control of the Rhine and demilitarized its western bank.

• BlitzkriegRelated: Its restrictions shaped German military planning and the later drive to rebuild armed forces.

• New Culture MovementRelated: Its transfer of German rights in Shandong to Japan triggered protests that intersected with movement ideals.

• Armistice of 11 November 1918Related: It converted the armistice’s temporary cessation of fighting into a formal peace settlement.

• StrasbourgRelated: Its settlement returned Strasbourg and Alsace to France.

• League of Nations mandateRelated: Its provisions transferred Germany’s overseas colonies into the mandate system.

• German colonial empireRelated: Its provisions required Germany to renounce its overseas colonies.

• IsolationismRelated: The U.S. Senate’s rejection of the treaty and its League covenant deepened interwar disillusionment.

• Wilhelm IIRelated: The treaty settled the war Germany lost during Wilhelm’s reign.

• V-2 rocketRelated: Its military restrictions formed part of the political setting for secret German rearmament.

• AppeasementRelated: Resentment of its terms made revisions to Germany’s position seem legitimate to some observers.

• Western FrontRelated: Its terms addressed Germany’s defeat after the Western Front’s collapse.

• Fourteen PointsRelated: The treaty incorporated some Wilsonian principles but departed from others, especially on reparations and German responsibility.

• SilesiaRelated: Its provisions and related plebiscite arrangements reshaped Upper Silesia’s borders.

• John Foster DullesRelated: Dulles worked on the treaty’s financial provisions as a legal adviser to the U.S. delegation.

• Weimar cinemaRelated: Its political and economic consequences formed part of the films’ unsettled historical backdrop.

• LuftwaffeRelated: Its restrictions barred Germany from maintaining an air force, which the Nazi regime later overturned.

• British SomalilandRelated: Its aftermath transferred German East African territories, not British Somaliland, and helps distinguish regional colonial changes.

• Weimar ConstitutionRelated: Its terms burdened the new republic and shaped political conflict surrounding its founding.

• AlsaceRelated: Its provisions returned Alsace to French sovereignty.

• Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandRelated: It belongs to the postwar settlement produced by the conflict the assassination helped trigger.

• Friedrich EbertRelated: Ebert’s government signed the treaty under pressure, exposing the republic to nationalist accusations of betrayal.

• Hundred Days OffensiveRelated: The campaign’s military outcome helped determine the position from which Germany entered the peace negotiations.

• Twenty-One DemandsRelated: Its transfer of German rights in Shandong to Japan revived anger over the demands.

• Central PowersRelated: It formalized Germany's defeat and reshaped its place in Europe.

• East PrussiaRelated: Its settlement separated East Prussia from the rest of Germany through the Polish Corridor.

• MilitarismRelated: Its disarmament provisions became a focus of German nationalist opposition and rearmament.

• NazismRelated: Nazi leaders exploited resentment of the treaty to build nationalist support.

• Treaty of RapalloRelated: Germany’s isolation under the postwar settlement made an agreement with Soviet Russia attractive.

• Crime against peaceRelated: Its unimplemented proposal to prosecute Kaiser Wilhelm II foreshadowed postwar accountability.

• Curzon LineRelated: Postwar border-making created the diplomatic setting for defining Poland’s eastern frontier.