Linked from

The 100 pages that link to Papal States, each with the reason it gives.

• Emilia-RomagnaRelated: Papal rule strongly influenced Romagna and other eastern territories.

• Pope Leo IIINarrower topic: Leo governed a territorial principality whose security depended on relations with Frankish rulers.

• Pope Urban VIIINarrower topic: Urban ruled these lands as a temporal prince as well as leading the Catholic Church.

• Renaissance papacyRelated: Its lands and revenues gave Renaissance popes political power beyond their spiritual office.

• Christianization of the FranksRelated: Frankish military support helped create the territorial power of the medieval papacy.

• Grand Duchy of TuscanyCompared with: The papacy was Tuscany’s powerful neighbor and a source of legitimacy for its grand-ducal title.

• Pope Alexander IIINarrower topic: Alexander's conflict with the emperor concerned papal independence as well as church leadership.

• Pope Clement VIII (1592–1605)Narrower topic: Clement's authority included both spiritual leadership and direct territorial rule.

• Pope John VIIIRelated: John’s political independence rested on defending Rome and the lands associated with papal rule.

• Treaty of AnagniRelated: Papal diplomacy and authority were central to the agreement’s terms.

• War of the League of CambraiRelated: Julius II used the conflict to expand papal territory and counter foreign influence.

• Battle of CivitateRelated: The papacy’s temporal power shaped Leo IX’s effort to resist Norman advances.

• Matilda of TuscanyRelated: Matilda's lands bordered papal territory and helped protect the pope's temporal power.

• Pope Boniface VIIINarrower topic: Boniface’s defense of papal authority concerned both spiritual claims and temporal rule.

• Pope Pius VINarrower topic: Braschi’s papal office combined spiritual leadership with government of these territories.

• Holy AllianceCompared with: Pope Pius VII declined to join, wary of a monarch-led religious pact that excluded the papacy.

• Pope John XXIIRelated: John’s conflict with Louis IV concerned the political independence and authority of the papacy.

• Pope Leo IXNarrower topic: Leo’s political and military actions took place amid papal efforts to defend territorial interests.

• Pope Urban VIRelated: Urban’s effort to strengthen control over these territories shaped his conflicts with Italian rulers.

• AntipopeNarrower topic: Control of these lands gave secular rulers strong incentives to influence papal elections.

• Cardinal MazarinNarrower topic: Mazarin’s early diplomatic career unfolded within the papal political world.

• Lucrezia BorgiaRelated: Alexander VI’s territorial ambitions shaped the alliances and conflicts around Lucrezia.

• Duchy of UrbinoNarrower topic: Urbino’s relationship with papal sovereignty constrained its independence and ultimately determined its fate.

• Pope Adrian VIRelated: Adrian inherited the political and administrative responsibilities of the pope’s territorial state.

• Pope Gregory XVIRelated: Their political survival was a central concern of Gregory XVI's opposition to national and liberal movements.

• Pope Leo XIINarrower topic: Leo XII became both pope and ruler of this territory.

• Pope Sylvester IIRelated: Sylvester's pontificate involved the political authority and territorial claims of the Roman church.

• War of the League of CognacRelated: Clement’s defeat and subsequent agreement with Charles constrained the papacy’s political independence.

• Alessandro AlgardiNarrower topic: The papal government and its institutions supplied many of Algardi’s patrons and commissions.

• Archbasilica of Saint John LateranNarrower topic: The Lateran became a central papal residence within the territories ruled by the popes.

• Giacomo Barozzi da VignolaRelated: Papal patronage supplied the Roman commissions that advanced Vignola’s career.

• History of ItalyRelated: Papal temporal rule was a major obstacle and counterweight to peninsula-wide unification.

• Lorenzo de' MediciRelated: Papal territorial power enabled the campaign that installed Lorenzo in Urbino.

• March of TuscanyRelated: Papal claims and alliances shaped contests for control of Tuscan lands and their rulers.

• Pope Adrian IVNarrower topic: Adrian governed amid a struggle to recover papal control of Rome and its surrounding lands.

• Pope Eugene IIINarrower topic: Eugene’s conflict with Rome’s commune concerned the pope’s power over these territories.

• Pope Gregory IINarrower topic: Gregory’s territorial diplomacy formed part of the developments that preceded papal rule over central Italy.

• Pope John XNarrower topic: John’s political and military actions were shaped by the papacy’s territorial interests.

• Pope Pius VIIIRelated: Pius VIII ruled these territories as well as leading the Church.

• Pope Urban VIIRelated: Urban VII’s career unfolded within the political world of the papal territories.

• Prisoner in the VaticanNarrower topic: Their annexation deprived the papacy of the lands whose loss it refused to accept.

• Republic of AnconaRelated: Ancona’s autonomy developed within a region claimed and periodically governed by the papacy.

• Andreas PalaiologosRelated: Papal territory provided Andreas a place to live and a source of material support.

• Byzantine PapacyNarrower topic: Their emergence replaced much of the Byzantine territorial framework around Rome.

• Duchy of SpoletoRelated: Papal territorial expansion increasingly constrained the duchy’s independence.

• History of the papacyRelated: Territorial sovereignty gave medieval and early modern popes direct political power.

• Medieval RomeRelated: Papal territorial rule gave Rome a political framework beyond its city government.

• Ponte Sant'AngeloRelated: Papal control shaped the bridge's later religious use, decoration, and maintenance.

• Pope Pius IIINarrower topic: Pius III’s brief reign occurred while the papacy also governed territory and pursued Italian political aims.

• Vannozza dei CattaneiNarrower topic: The pope’s secular authority formed the political environment of Vannozza’s family.