Linked from

The 91 pages that link to Peace of Westphalia, each with the reason it gives.

• Electorate of SaxonyRelated: Saxony’s wartime alignments and losses formed part of the settlement’s aftermath.

• Twelve Years' TruceCompared with: Its broader settlement coincided with formal recognition of Dutch independence.

• Anne of AustriaRelated: Anne’s government continued France’s war and diplomacy as the settlement altered the balance of power.

• AugsburgRelated: The treaties extended and revised the religious settlement first negotiated at Augsburg.

• Great powerRelated: The settlements are often linked to the emergence of sovereign-state diplomacy.

• Radical ReformationRelated: Its limited recognition of religious plurality followed generations of conflict over confessional uniformity.

• State monopoly on violenceRelated: It is often associated with the historical consolidation of territorially organized sovereignty.

• Diplomatic historyBroader topic: Its place in diplomatic history is tied to debates about sovereignty and modern statehood.

• Pope Innocent XRelated: Innocent X rejected the treaty’s provisions affecting Catholic interests.

• Swedish ReformationRelated: Sweden’s Lutheran monarchy emerged as a major power within the wider Protestant-Catholic conflict.

• Electorate of BavariaBroader topic: It confirmed Bavaria’s electoral dignity while restoring a separate vote to the Palatinate.

• European Wars of ReligionBroader topic: It ended the central imperial conflict and broadened legal recognition of religious choices.

• Pope Urban VIIIRelated: Urban opposed the settlement, but its recognition of state sovereignty diminished papal influence.

• Treaty of Cateau-CambrésisCompared with: Its broader settlement contrasts with the dynastic and territorial focus of Cateau-Cambrésis.

• Treaty of London (1604)Compared with: It resolved the Dutch conflict more decisively than the Anglo-Spanish settlement had.

• Treaty of NijmegenNarrower topic: It offers an earlier model of a multi-party European settlement, before France’s later ascendancy.

• Electorate of BrandenburgRelated: Its territorial settlement left Brandenburg with important gains, including rights in Pomerania.

• MecklenburgRelated: It confirmed Swedish possession of Wismar and altered Mecklenburg’s Baltic surroundings.

• Peace treatyBroader topic: It is a foundational European example of negotiated settlements ending prolonged wars.

• Axel OxenstiernaRelated: Sweden’s gains in the settlement followed years of diplomacy conducted under Oxenstierna’s leadership.

• Jus ad bellumRelated: Its sovereign-state order shaped the system later governed by rules on interstate force.

• Margraviate of BrandenburgRelated: Its territorial settlement enlarged Brandenburg and strengthened the elector's position.

• Battle of RocroiRelated: The battle preceded the settlement that ended the wider war but not the Franco-Spanish conflict.

• UnilateralismRelated: It is often associated with the development of sovereign states whose rulers claim independent authority.

• Cardinal MazarinBroader topic: Mazarin’s diplomacy helped secure territorial and political gains for France in the settlement.

• MagdeburgRelated: Its settlement transferred the archbishopric’s administration to Brandenburg, altering Magdeburg’s political future.

• ChristendomRelated: Its settlement is often linked to the declining reach of a unified Christian political order.

• Electoral PalatinateRelated: It restored the Palatine electorate while creating a separate electoral dignity for Bavaria.

• Swabian WarRelated: It formally recognized the independence that had existed in practice since the fifteenth century.

• War of the Mantuan SuccessionRelated: The Mantuan conflict was an earlier Italian front within the war whose broader settlement came at Westphalia.

• 17th centuryBroader topic: The treaties closed a defining conflict and reset political arrangements in Europe.

• History of PomeraniaRelated: Its settlement divided Pomerania between Sweden and Brandenburg after the Griffin dynasty ended.

• International orderBroader topic: It became a landmark settlement in accounts of sovereign state relations.

• MulhouseRelated: The treaty confirmed Mulhouse’s status as an ally of the Swiss Confederacy.

• Religious warBroader topic: It became associated with settlement after prolonged confessional conflict.

• History of ProtestantismRelated: The settlement recognized additional Protestant confessions and constrained imperial religious control.

• History of SwitzerlandRelated: Its recognition clarified the Confederacy's external status before the modern state emerged.

• KleinstaatereiRelated: Its recognition of territorial rulers’ authority reinforced the empire’s decentralized structure.

• Land (political territory)Related: It is often associated with the development of territorial state sovereignty.

• SecularityRelated: Its settlement strengthened territorial rulers’ control over religious policy, an early shift toward state authority.

• William II of OrangeRelated: The settlement confirmed Dutch independence while intensifying disputes over the army’s peacetime role.