Linked from

The 162 pages that link to Treaty of Versailles, each with the reason it gives.

• Treaty of San FranciscoCompared with: Its punitive settlement is often contrasted with the postwar reintegration of Japan.

• Weimar ConstitutionRelated: Its terms burdened the new republic and shaped political conflict surrounding its founding.

• AlsaceRelated: Its provisions returned Alsace to French sovereignty.

• Chaco WarNarrower topic: Its postwar international order shaped the diplomatic institutions that addressed the Chaco conflict.

• Washington Naval TreatyCompared with: Unlike Versailles, this agreement negotiated limits among major naval powers rather than imposing terms on a defeated state.

• Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandRelated: It belongs to the postwar settlement produced by the conflict the assassination helped trigger.

• Friedrich EbertRelated: Ebert’s government signed the treaty under pressure, exposing the republic to nationalist accusations of betrayal.

• Hundred Days OffensiveRelated: The campaign’s military outcome helped determine the position from which Germany entered the peace negotiations.

• Treaty of HudaybiyyahCompared with: Unlike Hudaybiyyah’s temporary truce, it was a postwar settlement imposing extensive terms.

• Twenty-One DemandsRelated: Its transfer of German rights in Shandong to Japan revived anger over the demands.

• Central PowersRelated: It formalized Germany's defeat and reshaped its place in Europe.

• East PrussiaRelated: Its settlement separated East Prussia from the rest of Germany through the Polish Corridor.

• MilitarismRelated: Its disarmament provisions became a focus of German nationalist opposition and rearmament.

• NazismRelated: Nazi leaders exploited resentment of the treaty to build nationalist support.

• Treaty of RapalloRelated: Germany’s isolation under the postwar settlement made an agreement with Soviet Russia attractive.

• Boxer ProtocolCompared with: Both agreements imposed postwar penalties, but the Boxer Protocol followed an intervention in China.

• Crime against peaceRelated: Its unimplemented proposal to prosecute Kaiser Wilhelm II foreshadowed postwar accountability.

• Curzon LineRelated: Postwar border-making created the diplomatic setting for defining Poland’s eastern frontier.

• Ferdinand FochRelated: Foch opposed the treaty’s security provisions, judging them insufficient to restrain Germany.

• First Partition of PolandCompared with: Its postwar settlement recognized an independent Poland, reversing the disappearance initiated by the partitions.

• ReichswehrRelated: Its military clauses capped Reichswehr personnel and barred conscription, tanks, military aircraft, and submarines.

• Ruhr occupationNarrower topic: Its reparations provisions supplied France and Belgium’s stated basis for occupying the Ruhr.

• Treaty of London (1839)Related: Its settlement ended Germany's earlier obligations concerning Belgium's neutrality.

• Treaty of RigaRelated: Its unsettled eastern European borders formed part of the postwar setting for the conflict.

• Alsace-LorraineRelated: Its terms returned Alsace-Lorraine to French sovereignty.

• FreikorpsRelated: Its restrictions and nationalist backlash helped sustain the political climate surrounding Freikorps.

• German General StaffRelated: Its provisions formally abolished the German General Staff and limited Germany’s armed forces.

• Locarno TreatiesRelated: Locarno reaffirmed Versailles’s Rhineland restrictions while seeking a less confrontational settlement.

• Moscow ArmisticeCompared with: Its comprehensive peace settlement contrasts with the 1944 armistice’s provisional terms, later formalized in 1947.

• National SocialismRelated: Nazi politics exploited resentment over the treaty and its symbolic association with defeat.

• Superior ordersRelated: Its provisions proposed trials of German leaders, including for obedience to superior orders.

• Austrian State TreatyCompared with: Its restrictions on union between Germany and Austria anticipated a prohibition revived in 1955.

• Biennio RossoRelated: Italian discontent over the postwar settlement fed nationalist resentment alongside labor unrest.

• Italian invasion of EthiopiaRelated: Italian resentment over its postwar gains fed expansionist claims, though the treaty did not cause the invasion directly.

• Dawes PlanNarrower topic: Its reparations provisions created the dispute the Dawes Plan sought to manage.

• Diplomatic historyBroader topic: Its negotiation and consequences illuminate disputes over peace, security, and legitimacy.

• Kiel CanalRelated: Its provisions internationalized the canal and guaranteed access to vessels of nations at peace with Germany.

• Treaty of LondonRelated: The wider postwar settlement formed the setting for disputes over the treaty’s promises.

• American Expeditionary ForcesRelated: The treaty followed the campaign in which the AEF helped defeat Germany, though the United States never ratified it.

• E. H. CarrRelated: The postwar settlement formed part of the unstable international order Carr later analyzed.

• French CameroonRelated: Its settlement enabled the removal of Germany’s colonies and their distribution as mandates.

• Gavrilo PrincipRelated: Its war-guilt clause reflected the postwar struggle to assign responsibility for the conflict Princip’s act helped precipitate.

• Kapp PutschRelated: Its military restrictions intensified resentment among officers and nationalist groups involved in the putsch.

• Milan Rastislav ŠtefánikRelated: The postwar settlement followed the independence campaign Štefánik helped advance.

• Pan-GermanismRelated: Its restrictions and border settlements became targets of German nationalist revisionism.

• Rhine–Main–Danube CanalRelated: Its provisions supported international cooperation on the projected waterway.

• South Seas MandateRelated: The treaty required Germany to renounce its colonial possessions, enabling their allocation as mandates.

• Young PlanNarrower topic: Its reparations provisions created the obligations the Young Plan later revised.

• Decisive battleRelated: It shows how a war’s final settlement can follow years after battles fail to decide it.

• Free City of DanzigRelated: Its provisions detached Danzig from Germany and established the Free City.